# Copyright 2015-2019, Damian Johnson and The Tor Project # See LICENSE for licensing information """ Information available about Tor from `its manual `_. This provides three methods of getting this information... * :func:`~stem.manual.Manual.from_cache` provides manual content bundled with Stem. This is the fastest and most reliable method but only as up-to-date as Stem's release. * :func:`~stem.manual.Manual.from_man` reads Tor's local man page for information about it. * :func:`~stem.manual.Manual.from_remote` fetches the latest manual information remotely. This is the slowest and least reliable method but provides the most recent information about Tor. Manual information includes arguments, signals, and probably most usefully the torrc configuration options. For example, say we want a little script that told us what our torrc options do... .. literalinclude:: /_static/example/manual_config_options.py :language: python | .. image:: /_static/manual_output.png | **Module Overview:** :: query - performs a query on our cached sqlite manual information is_important - Indicates if a configuration option is of particularly common importance. download_man_page - Downloads tor's latest man page. Manual - Information about Tor available from its manual. | |- from_cache - Provides manual information cached with Stem. | |- from_man - Retrieves manual information from its man page. | +- from_remote - Retrieves manual information remotely from tor's latest manual. | +- save - writes the manual contents to a given location .. versionadded:: 1.5.0 """ import os import shutil import sys import tempfile import stem import stem.prereq import stem.util import stem.util.conf import stem.util.enum import stem.util.log import stem.util.system try: # added in python 2.7 from collections import OrderedDict except ImportError: from stem.util.ordereddict import OrderedDict if stem.prereq._is_lru_cache_available(): from functools import lru_cache else: from stem.util.lru_cache import lru_cache try: # account for urllib's change between python 2.x and 3.x import urllib.request as urllib except ImportError: import urllib2 as urllib Category = stem.util.enum.Enum('GENERAL', 'CLIENT', 'RELAY', 'DIRECTORY', 'AUTHORITY', 'HIDDEN_SERVICE', 'DENIAL_OF_SERVICE', 'TESTING', 'UNKNOWN') GITWEB_MANUAL_URL = 'https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor.git/plain/doc/tor.1.txt' CACHE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'cached_manual.sqlite') DATABASE = None # cache database connections HAS_ENCODING_ARG = not stem.util.system.is_mac() and not stem.util.system.is_bsd() and not stem.util.system.is_slackware() SCHEMA_VERSION = 1 # version of our scheme, bump this if you change the following SCHEMA = ( 'CREATE TABLE schema(version INTEGER)', 'INSERT INTO schema(version) VALUES (%i)' % SCHEMA_VERSION, 'CREATE TABLE metadata(name TEXT, synopsis TEXT, description TEXT, man_commit TEXT, stem_commit TEXT)', 'CREATE TABLE commandline(name TEXT PRIMARY KEY, description TEXT)', 'CREATE TABLE signals(name TEXT PRIMARY KEY, description TEXT)', 'CREATE TABLE files(name TEXT PRIMARY KEY, description TEXT)', 'CREATE TABLE torrc(key TEXT PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, category TEXT, usage TEXT, summary TEXT, description TEXT, position INTEGER)', ) CATEGORY_SECTIONS = OrderedDict(( ('GENERAL OPTIONS', Category.GENERAL), ('CLIENT OPTIONS', Category.CLIENT), ('SERVER OPTIONS', Category.RELAY), ('DIRECTORY SERVER OPTIONS', Category.DIRECTORY), ('DIRECTORY AUTHORITY SERVER OPTIONS', Category.AUTHORITY), ('HIDDEN SERVICE OPTIONS', Category.HIDDEN_SERVICE), ('DENIAL OF SERVICE MITIGATION OPTIONS', Category.DENIAL_OF_SERVICE), ('TESTING NETWORK OPTIONS', Category.TESTING), )) class SchemaMismatch(IOError): """ Database schema doesn't match what Stem supports. .. versionadded:: 1.6.0 :var int database_schema: schema of the database :var tuple supported_schemas: schemas library supports """ def __init__(self, message, database_schema, library_schema): super(SchemaMismatch, self).__init__(message) self.database_schema = database_schema self.library_schema = library_schema def query(query, *param): """ Performs the given query on our sqlite manual cache. This database should be treated as being read-only. File permissions generally enforce this, and in the future will be enforced by this function as well. :: >>> import stem.manual >>> print(stem.manual.query('SELECT description FROM torrc WHERE key=?', 'CONTROLSOCKET').fetchone()[0]) Like ControlPort, but listens on a Unix domain socket, rather than a TCP socket. 0 disables ControlSocket. (Unix and Unix-like systems only.) (Default: 0) .. versionadded:: 1.6.0 :param str query: query to run on the cache :param list param: query parameters :returns: :class:`sqlite3.Cursor` with the query results :raises: * **ImportError** if the sqlite3 module is unavailable * **sqlite3.OperationalError** if query fails """ if not stem.prereq.is_sqlite_available(): raise ImportError('Querying requires the sqlite3 module') import sqlite3 # The only reason to explicitly close the sqlite connection is to ensure # transactions are committed. Since we're only using read-only access this # doesn't matter, and can allow interpreter shutdown to do the needful. # # TODO: When we only support python 3.4+ we can use sqlite's uri argument # to enforce a read-only connection... # # https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.connect global DATABASE if DATABASE is None: DATABASE = sqlite3.connect(CACHE_PATH) return DATABASE.execute(query, param) class ConfigOption(object): """ Tor configuration attribute found in its torrc. :var str name: name of the configuration option :var stem.manual.Category category: category the config option was listed under, this is Category.UNKNOWN if we didn't recognize the category :var str usage: arguments accepted by the option :var str summary: brief description of what the option does :var str description: longer manual description with details """ def __init__(self, name, category = Category.UNKNOWN, usage = '', summary = '', description = ''): self.name = name self.category = category self.usage = usage self.summary = summary self.description = description def __hash__(self): return stem.util._hash_attr(self, 'name', 'category', 'usage', 'summary', 'description', cache = True) def __eq__(self, other): return hash(self) == hash(other) if isinstance(other, ConfigOption) else False def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other @lru_cache() def _config(lowercase = True): """ Provides a dictionary for our settings.cfg. This has a couple categories... * manual.important (list) - configuration options considered to be important * manual.summary.* (str) - summary descriptions of config options :param bool lowercase: uses lowercase keys if **True** to allow for case insensitive lookups """ config = stem.util.conf.Config() config_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'settings.cfg') try: config.load(config_path) config_dict = dict([(key.lower() if lowercase else key, config.get_value(key)) for key in config.keys() if key.startswith('manual.summary.')]) config_dict['manual.important'] = [name.lower() if lowercase else name for name in config.get_value('manual.important', [], multiple = True)] return config_dict except Exception as exc: stem.util.log.warn("BUG: stem failed to load its internal manual information from '%s': %s" % (config_path, exc)) return {} def _manual_differences(previous_manual, new_manual): """ Provides a description of how two manuals differ. """ lines = [] for attr in ('name', 'synopsis', 'description', 'commandline_options', 'signals', 'files', 'config_options'): previous_attr = getattr(previous_manual, attr) new_attr = getattr(new_manual, attr) if previous_attr != new_attr: lines.append("* Manual's %s attribute changed\n" % attr) if attr in ('name', 'synopsis', 'description'): lines.append(' Previously...\n\n%s\n' % previous_attr) lines.append(' Updating to...\n\n%s' % new_attr) elif attr == 'config_options': for config_name, config_attr in new_attr.items(): previous = previous_attr.get(config_name) if previous is None: lines.append(' adding new config option => %s' % config_name) elif config_attr != previous: for attr in ('name', 'category', 'usage', 'summary', 'description'): if getattr(config_attr, attr) != getattr(previous, attr): lines.append(' modified %s (%s) => %s' % (config_name, attr, getattr(config_attr, attr))) for config_name in set(previous_attr.keys()).difference(new_attr.keys()): lines.append(' removing config option => %s' % config_name) else: added_items = set(new_attr.items()).difference(previous_attr.items()) removed_items = set(previous_attr.items()).difference(new_attr.items()) for added_item in added_items: lines.append(' adding %s => %s' % added_item) for removed_item in removed_items: lines.append(' removing %s => %s' % removed_item) lines.append('\n') return '\n'.join(lines) def is_important(option): """ Indicates if a configuration option of particularly common importance or not. :param str option: tor configuration option to check :returns: **bool** that's **True** if this is an important option and **False** otherwise """ return option.lower() in _config()['manual.important'] def download_man_page(path = None, file_handle = None, url = GITWEB_MANUAL_URL, timeout = 20): """ Downloads tor's latest man page from `gitweb.torproject.org `_. This method is both slow and unreliable - please see the warnings on :func:`~stem.manual.Manual.from_remote`. :param str path: path to save tor's man page to :param file file_handle: file handler to save tor's man page to :param str url: url to download tor's asciidoc manual from :param int timeout: seconds to wait before timing out the request :raises: **IOError** if unable to retrieve the manual """ if not path and not file_handle: raise ValueError("Either the path or file_handle we're saving to must be provided") elif not stem.util.system.is_available('a2x'): raise IOError('We require a2x from asciidoc to provide a man page') dirpath = tempfile.mkdtemp() asciidoc_path = os.path.join(dirpath, 'tor.1.txt') manual_path = os.path.join(dirpath, 'tor.1') try: try: with open(asciidoc_path, 'wb') as asciidoc_file: request = urllib.urlopen(url, timeout = timeout) shutil.copyfileobj(request, asciidoc_file) except: exc, stacktrace = sys.exc_info()[1:3] message = "Unable to download tor's manual from %s to %s: %s" % (url, asciidoc_path, exc) raise stem.DownloadFailed(url, exc, stacktrace, message) try: stem.util.system.call('a2x -f manpage %s' % asciidoc_path) if not os.path.exists(manual_path): raise OSError('no man page was generated') except stem.util.system.CallError as exc: raise IOError("Unable to run '%s': %s" % (exc.command, exc.stderr)) if path: try: path_dir = os.path.dirname(path) if not os.path.exists(path_dir): os.makedirs(path_dir) shutil.copyfile(manual_path, path) except OSError as exc: raise IOError(exc) if file_handle: with open(manual_path, 'rb') as manual_file: shutil.copyfileobj(manual_file, file_handle) file_handle.flush() finally: shutil.rmtree(dirpath) class Manual(object): """ Parsed tor man page. Tor makes no guarantees about its man page format so this may not always be compatible. If not you can use the cached manual information stored with Stem. This does not include every bit of information from the tor manual. For instance, I've excluded the 'THE CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT' section. If there's a part you'd find useful then `file an issue `_ and we can add it. :var str name: brief description of the tor command :var str synopsis: brief tor command usage :var str description: general description of what tor does :var collections.OrderedDict commandline_options: mapping of commandline arguments to their descripton :var collections.OrderedDict signals: mapping of signals tor accepts to their description :var collections.OrderedDict files: mapping of file paths to their description :var collections.OrderedDict config_options: :class:`~stem.manual.ConfigOption` tuples for tor configuration options :var str man_commit: latest tor commit editing the man page when this information was cached :var str stem_commit: stem commit to cache this manual information """ def __init__(self, name, synopsis, description, commandline_options, signals, files, config_options): self.name = name self.synopsis = synopsis self.description = description self.commandline_options = OrderedDict(commandline_options) self.signals = OrderedDict(signals) self.files = OrderedDict(files) self.config_options = OrderedDict(config_options) self.man_commit = None self.stem_commit = None self.schema = None @staticmethod def from_cache(path = None): """ Provides manual information cached with Stem. Unlike :func:`~stem.manual.Manual.from_man` and :func:`~stem.manual.Manual.from_remote` this doesn't have any system requirements, and is faster too. Only drawback is that this manual content is only as up to date as the Stem release we're using. .. versionchanged:: 1.6.0 Added support for sqlite cache. Support for :class:`~stem.util.conf.Config` caches will be dropped in Stem 2.x. :param str path: cached manual content to read, if not provided this uses the bundled manual information :returns: :class:`~stem.manual.Manual` with our bundled manual information :raises: * **ImportError** if cache is sqlite and the sqlite3 module is unavailable * **IOError** if a **path** was provided and we were unable to read it or the schema is out of date """ # TODO: drop _from_config_cache() with stem 2.x if path is None: path = CACHE_PATH if path is not None and path.endswith('.sqlite'): return Manual._from_sqlite_cache(path) else: return Manual._from_config_cache(path) @staticmethod def _from_sqlite_cache(path): if not stem.prereq.is_sqlite_available(): raise ImportError('Reading a sqlite cache requires the sqlite3 module') import sqlite3 if not os.path.exists(path): raise IOError("%s doesn't exist" % path) with sqlite3.connect(path) as conn: try: schema = conn.execute('SELECT version FROM schema').fetchone()[0] if schema != SCHEMA_VERSION: raise SchemaMismatch("Stem's current manual schema version is %s, but %s was version %s" % (SCHEMA_VERSION, path, schema), schema, (SCHEMA_VERSION,)) name, synopsis, description, man_commit, stem_commit = conn.execute('SELECT name, synopsis, description, man_commit, stem_commit FROM metadata').fetchone() except sqlite3.OperationalError as exc: raise IOError('Failed to read database metadata from %s: %s' % (path, exc)) commandline = dict(conn.execute('SELECT name, description FROM commandline').fetchall()) signals = dict(conn.execute('SELECT name, description FROM signals').fetchall()) files = dict(conn.execute('SELECT name, description FROM files').fetchall()) config_options = OrderedDict() for entry in conn.execute('SELECT name, category, usage, summary, description FROM torrc ORDER BY position').fetchall(): option, category, usage, summary, option_description = entry config_options[option] = ConfigOption(option, category, usage, summary, option_description) manual = Manual(name, synopsis, description, commandline, signals, files, config_options) manual.man_commit = man_commit manual.stem_commit = stem_commit manual.schema = schema return manual @staticmethod def _from_config_cache(path): conf = stem.util.conf.Config() conf.load(path, commenting = False) config_options = OrderedDict() for key in conf.keys(): if key.startswith('config_options.'): key = key.split('.')[1] if key not in config_options: config_options[key] = ConfigOption( conf.get('config_options.%s.name' % key, ''), conf.get('config_options.%s.category' % key, ''), conf.get('config_options.%s.usage' % key, ''), conf.get('config_options.%s.summary' % key, ''), conf.get('config_options.%s.description' % key, '') ) manual = Manual( conf.get('name', ''), conf.get('synopsis', ''), conf.get('description', ''), conf.get('commandline_options', OrderedDict()), conf.get('signals', OrderedDict()), conf.get('files', OrderedDict()), config_options, ) manual.man_commit = conf.get('man_commit', None) manual.stem_commit = conf.get('stem_commit', None) return manual @staticmethod def from_man(man_path = 'tor'): """ Reads and parses a given man page. On OSX the man command doesn't have an '--encoding' argument so its results may not quite match other platforms. For instance, it normalizes long dashes into '--'. :param str man_path: path argument for 'man', for example you might want '/path/to/tor/doc/tor.1' to read from tor's git repository :returns: :class:`~stem.manual.Manual` for the system's man page :raises: **IOError** if unable to retrieve the manual """ man_cmd = 'man %s -P cat %s' % ('--encoding=ascii' if HAS_ENCODING_ARG else '', man_path) try: man_output = stem.util.system.call(man_cmd, env = {'MANWIDTH': '10000000'}) except OSError as exc: raise IOError("Unable to run '%s': %s" % (man_cmd, exc)) categories, config_options = _get_categories(man_output), OrderedDict() for category_header, category_enum in CATEGORY_SECTIONS.items(): _add_config_options(config_options, category_enum, categories.get(category_header, [])) for category in categories: if category.endswith(' OPTIONS') and category not in CATEGORY_SECTIONS and category not in ('COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS', 'NON-PERSISTENT OPTIONS'): _add_config_options(config_options, Category.UNKNOWN, categories.get(category, [])) return Manual( _join_lines(categories.get('NAME', [])), _join_lines(categories.get('SYNOPSIS', [])), _join_lines(categories.get('DESCRIPTION', [])), _get_indented_descriptions(categories.get('COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS', [])), _get_indented_descriptions(categories.get('SIGNALS', [])), _get_indented_descriptions(categories.get('FILES', [])), config_options, ) @staticmethod def from_remote(timeout = 60): """ Reads and parses the latest tor man page `from gitweb.torproject.org `_. Note that while convenient, this reliance on GitWeb means you should alway call with a fallback, such as... :: try: manual = stem.manual.from_remote() except IOError: manual = stem.manual.from_cache() In addition to our GitWeb dependency this requires 'a2x' which is part of `asciidoc `_ and... isn't quick. Personally this takes ~7.41s, breaking down for me as follows... * 1.67s to download tor.1.txt * 5.57s to convert the asciidoc to a man page * 0.17s for stem to read and parse the manual :param int timeout: seconds to wait before timing out the request :returns: latest :class:`~stem.manual.Manual` available for tor :raises: **IOError** if unable to retrieve the manual """ with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp: download_man_page(file_handle = tmp, timeout = timeout) return Manual.from_man(tmp.name) def save(self, path): """ Persists the manual content to a given location. .. versionchanged:: 1.6.0 Added support for sqlite cache. Support for :class:`~stem.util.conf.Config` caches will be dropped in Stem 2.x. :param str path: path to save our manual content to :raises: * **ImportError** if saving as sqlite and the sqlite3 module is unavailable * **IOError** if unsuccessful """ # TODO: drop _save_as_config() with stem 2.x if path.endswith('.sqlite'): return self._save_as_sqlite(path) else: return self._save_as_config(path) def _save_as_sqlite(self, path): if not stem.prereq.is_sqlite_available(): raise ImportError('Saving a sqlite cache requires the sqlite3 module') import sqlite3 tmp_path = path + '.new' if os.path.exists(tmp_path): os.remove(tmp_path) with sqlite3.connect(tmp_path) as conn: for cmd in SCHEMA: conn.execute(cmd) conn.execute('INSERT INTO metadata(name, synopsis, description, man_commit, stem_commit) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)', (self.name, self.synopsis, self.description, self.man_commit, self.stem_commit)) for k, v in self.commandline_options.items(): conn.execute('INSERT INTO commandline(name, description) VALUES (?,?)', (k, v)) for k, v in self.signals.items(): conn.execute('INSERT INTO signals(name, description) VALUES (?,?)', (k, v)) for k, v in self.files.items(): conn.execute('INSERT INTO files(name, description) VALUES (?,?)', (k, v)) for i, v in enumerate(self.config_options.values()): conn.execute('INSERT INTO torrc(key, name, category, usage, summary, description, position) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)', (v.name.upper(), v.name, v.category, v.usage, v.summary, v.description, i)) if os.path.exists(path): os.remove(path) os.rename(tmp_path, path) def _save_as_config(self, path): conf = stem.util.conf.Config() conf.set('name', self.name) conf.set('synopsis', self.synopsis) conf.set('description', self.description) if self.man_commit: conf.set('man_commit', self.man_commit) if self.stem_commit: conf.set('stem_commit', self.stem_commit) for k, v in self.commandline_options.items(): conf.set('commandline_options', '%s => %s' % (k, v), overwrite = False) for k, v in self.signals.items(): conf.set('signals', '%s => %s' % (k, v), overwrite = False) for k, v in self.files.items(): conf.set('files', '%s => %s' % (k, v), overwrite = False) for k, v in self.config_options.items(): conf.set('config_options.%s.category' % k, v.category) conf.set('config_options.%s.name' % k, v.name) conf.set('config_options.%s.usage' % k, v.usage) conf.set('config_options.%s.summary' % k, v.summary) conf.set('config_options.%s.description' % k, v.description) conf.save(path) def __hash__(self): return stem.util._hash_attr(self, 'name', 'synopsis', 'description', 'commandline_options', 'signals', 'files', 'config_options', cache = True) def __eq__(self, other): return hash(self) == hash(other) if isinstance(other, Manual) else False def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other def _get_categories(content): """ The man page is headers followed by an indented section. First pass gets the mapping of category titles to their lines. """ # skip header and footer lines if content and 'TOR(1)' in content[0]: content = content[1:] if content and content[-1].startswith('Tor'): content = content[:-1] categories = OrderedDict() category, lines = None, [] for line in content: # replace non-ascii characters # # \u2019 - smart single quote # \u2014 - extra long dash # \xb7 - centered dot char_for = chr if stem.prereq.is_python_3() else unichr line = line.replace(char_for(0x2019), "'").replace(char_for(0x2014), '-').replace(char_for(0xb7), '*') if line and not line.startswith(' '): if category: if lines and lines[-1] == '': lines = lines[:-1] # sections end with an extra empty line categories[category] = lines category, lines = line.strip(), [] else: if line.startswith(' '): line = line[7:] # contents of a section have a seven space indentation lines.append(line) if category: categories[category] = lines return categories def _get_indented_descriptions(lines): """ Parses the commandline argument and signal sections. These are options followed by an indented description. For example... :: -f FILE Specify a new configuration file to contain further Tor configuration options OR pass - to make Tor read its configuration from standard input. (Default: /usr/local/etc/tor/torrc, or $HOME/.torrc if that file is not found) There can be additional paragraphs not related to any particular argument but ignoring those. """ options, last_arg = OrderedDict(), None for line in lines: if line == ' Note': last_arg = None # manual has several indented 'Note' blocks elif line and not line.startswith(' '): options[line], last_arg = [], line elif last_arg and line.startswith(' '): options[last_arg].append(line[4:]) return dict([(arg, ' '.join(desc_lines)) for arg, desc_lines in options.items() if desc_lines]) def _add_config_options(config_options, category, lines): """ Parses a section of tor configuration options. These have usage information, followed by an indented description. For instance... :: ConnLimit NUM The minimum number of file descriptors that must be available to the Tor process before it will start. Tor will ask the OS for as many file descriptors as the OS will allow (you can find this by "ulimit -H -n"). If this number is less than ConnLimit, then Tor will refuse to start. You probably don't need to adjust this. It has no effect on Windows since that platform lacks getrlimit(). (Default: 1000) """ def add_option(title, description): if 'PER INSTANCE OPTIONS' in title: return # skip, unfortunately amid the options if ', ' in title: # Line actually had multiple options with the same description. For # example... # # AlternateBridgeAuthority [nickname], AlternateDirAuthority [nickname] for subtitle in title.split(', '): add_option(subtitle, description) else: name, usage = title.split(' ', 1) if ' ' in title else (title, '') summary = _config().get('manual.summary.%s' % name.lower(), '') config_options[name] = ConfigOption(name, category, usage, summary, _join_lines(description).strip()) # Remove the section's description by finding the sentence the section # ends with. end_indices = [i for (i, line) in enumerate(lines) if ('The following options' in line or 'PER SERVICE OPTIONS' in line)] if end_indices: lines = lines[max(end_indices):] # trim to the description paragrah lines = lines[lines.index(''):] # drop the paragraph last_title, description = None, [] for line in lines: if line and not line.startswith(' '): if last_title: add_option(last_title, description) last_title, description = line, [] else: if line.startswith(' '): line = line[4:] description.append(line) if last_title: add_option(last_title, description) def _join_lines(lines): """ Simple join, except we want empty lines to still provide a newline. """ result = [] for line in lines: if not line: if result and result[-1] != '\n': result.append('\n') else: result.append(line + '\n') return ''.join(result).strip()